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1. Bristolgames123 Nr2003 Designs Custom
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The Bristol Type 123 was a single-seat, single-engine biplanefighter built to a United Kingdom Air Ministry specification for a four-gun fighter in the early 1930s. Only one was built.

The design resembled that of a Bristol F2b fighter, recreated with an all-metal structure. Most notably, it featured a stressed-skin monocoque fuselage in Duralumin, a strong, hard yet lightweight alloy discovered in 1909. The fuselage skin was double-sided with internal corrugated panels stiffening the smooth external skins. Assembly Bristol. Work is due to begin on developer AXA / Bellhammer's Assembly project. Assembly Bristol offers a total of. From European inspired design and engineering to production and installation, coupled with an unparalleled service and support team. Mirage provides all things imaginable in casework flat panel products.Mirage cabinets are a combination of state-of-the-art technology and skilled craftsmanship resulting in quality and affordability. The Bristol provides space, beauty, and comfort in a tasteful design. On the expansive first floor, a dining room occupies a convenient corner next to the kitchen. A beautiful bay window highlights the living room, which shares a double fireplace with the family room on the other side.

Development[edit]

In late 1931 the Air Ministry released Air Ministry specification F.7/30. This was for a four-gun fighter with better high-altitude performance and endurance than current fighters, outstanding climb rate, manoeuvrability and all-round vision combined with a low landing speed. It was made clear that the evaporatively-cooled Rolls-Royce Goshawk was the preferred engine. The best-known outcome of this specification was the crank-winged Supermarine Type 224monoplane with an open cockpit and fixed undercarriage designed by R.J. Mitchell.^[1][2] Bristol submitted several biplane designs, none of which brought an order for a prototype, but they were invited to offer a private-venture aircraft.

The Bristol Type 123 was the result. Bristol's last biplane, it was of compact, striking appearance and had innovative control features. It was^[3] a single-bay biplane with wings of constant chord almost to the tips and heavy stagger. The upper wings were swept and without dihedral, the cantilever lower wings unswept with 6° of dihedral. Both wings carried full-span ailerons. The upper wing also carried full-span slots on the leading edge, arranged in inner and outer groups. The ailerons were linked to interceptors behind the outer slots which rose when the inner slots opened at high angles of attack. As this happened, the ailerons drooped symmetrically. The slot-plus-interceptor combination was intended to prevent a stall turning into a spin and had been tested by Handley Page on a de Havilland Moth^[4] and later by Bristol on a Bulldog.^[5]Rudder and elevators were horn balanced, the latter carrying trim tabs. The wings, empennage and fuselage behind the cockpit were all fabric covered over a metal structure.^[3]

The combination of heavy stagger and a slender nose gave the Type 123 a slightly humpbacked appearance, with the pilot's open cockpit at the top above the centre of the lower wing and well behind the trailing edge of the upper wing. There were pairs of machine guns on either side of the engine. The undercarriage was fixed and almost completely enclosed in forward-thrusting fairings with a cross-axle between the wheels.^[3]

The aircraft was powered by a Goshawk III loaned by the Air Ministry, which used condensers in the lower wing leading edge for cooling, coupled to a forward-mounted ventral condenser. Engine cooling problems delayed the first flight, made by Cyril Uwins on 12 June 1934. Testing revealed serious lateral instability that a series of modifications to fin, rudder and the inner slots failed to cure, and which may have been structural. Development was therefore abandoned.^[3]

Specifications[edit]

Data fromBarnes 1970, p. 248

Bristolgames123 Nr2003 Designs Custom

General characteristics

• Crew: one
• Length: 25 ft 2 in (7.67 m)
• Wingspan: 29 ft 7 in (9.02 m)
• Height: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
• Wing area: 248 sq ft (23.04 m²)
• Empty weight: 3,300 lb (1,497 kg)
• Gross weight: 4,737 lb (2,149 kg)
• Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Goshawk III V-12 evaporatively cooled , 695 hp (519 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 235 mph (378 km/h, 204 kn)

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Thetford 1957, p. 396
2. ^Taylor 1955, p. 418
3. ^ ^abcdBarnes 1970, pp. 243–5
4. ^Flight 11 April 1929 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFlight_11_April_1929 (help)
5. ^Barnes 1970, p. 244

Bibliography[edit]

• Barnes, C. H. (1970). Bristol Aircraft since 1910. London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN0-370-00015-3.
• Thetford, Owen (1957). Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1917-57. London: Putnam Publishing.
• Taylor, John W.R. (1955). Flight. London: Hulton Press.
• 'Editorial'. Flight. No. 11 April 1929. pp. 289–90.

The Bristol M.R.1 was an experimental biplane with an aluminiummonocoquefuselage and metal wings, produced by Bristol during the First World War. Two were built to government order.

Development[edit]

Soon into the development of powered flight, some manufacturers were beginning to consider the use of metal in airframes to replace wood. Metal structures, even fabric-covered metal frames, offered greater robustness for handling and transportation as well as better resistance to tropical climates, and some designers could see the possibilities of metal skinning, stressed or not, for aerodynamically-clean cantilever wings and advanced monocoque fuselages. There was a realisation too, that mild steel, familiar from bicycle manufacture but with a low strength-to-weight ratio, was not going to be the material of choice once the problems of joining aluminium alloy members together and preventing their corrosion had been solved. Vickers in the UK were one of the first to make steel-framed and sparred aircraft that flew, with their series of R.E.P-type monoplanes no.s 1-8 produced between 1911 and 1913.^[1] In Germany, Junkers produced the first true all-metal (for years, aircraft with fabric-clad metal frames were described as all-metal, but the Junkers was steel-skinned as well) aircraft,^[2] the Junkers J.1, flown in 1915. Bristol's first draft designs for metal aircraft date from 1914, but it was not until the increase of aircraft production during the First World War began to put pressure on the supply of high-grade timber that there was official interest. During 1916 Bristol's designer, Frank Barnwell submitted a design^[3] for a metal two-seat reconnaissance aircraft, the M.R.1 (M.R. for Metal Reconnaissance) and gained a contract for two evaluation aircraft.

The fuselage construction was quite novel. Barnwell borrowed from marine experience by using duralumin sheet, varnished to prevent corrosion and used these to make the fuselage in four sections. The two forward sections were semi-monocoque (i.e. open channels) with braced longitudinal upper members which, bolted together, held the engine, a water-cooled inline upright 140 hp (100 kW) Hispano-Suiza) and the pilot's cockpit. Aft, two more sections, both true monocoques, held the observer and carried the tail unit. The two cockpits were close together, with the pilot under the wing at mid-chord and the observer under a trailing edge cutout; Barnwell proposed that the short observer's fuselage section should be removable to turn the M.R.1 into a single-seater, though this configuration was not realised. The monocoque sections were very early examples of double-skinned construction, with a smooth outer skin riveted to a longitudinally-corrugated inner skin. The detailed design was by W.T.Read. The complete fuselage was of round-cornered rectangular cross-section and quite slender, mounted between the wings. The M.R.1 was a two-bay biplane without stagger or sweep, with ailerons on both planes. Aluminium wing spars proved difficult to make sufficiently rigid and Bristol outsourced their manufacture to The Steel Wing Company at Gloucester, who had built experimental steel wings for other aircraft.^[3]

With the fuselage of the first M.R.1 completed before the wings, Bristol decided to make a set of conventional wooden wings, with ailerons only on the upper planes, for flight trials in mid-1917. These went well and the aircraft was handed over to the Air Board in October 1917. The second M.R.1 did not fly until late in 1918 when the metal wings were at last ready, powered by a 180 hp (130 kW) Wolseley Viper engine. It was damaged beyond repair at the end of its delivery flight to the Royal Aircraft Establishment in April 1919. The first M.R.1 was fitted with metal wings by 1918 and continued to provide useful information on metal airframe construction. In 1923, Bristol's rationalisation of type numbers labelled the M.R.1 the Type 13.^[3]

Specifications[edit]

Data fromBarnes 1964, p. 129 Unfortunately Barnes did not state which engine the following specifications apply to, nor if the metal or wooden wings were used.

Bristolgames123 Nr2003 Designs Images

General characteristics

• Crew: two
• Length: 27 ft 0 in (12.85 m)
• Wingspan: 42 ft 2 in (8.23 m)
• Height: 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m)
• Wing area: 458 sq ft (42.6 m²)
• Empty weight: 1,700 lb (770 kg)
• Gross weight: 2,810 lb (1,275 kg)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 110 mph (177 km/h, 96 kn)
• Endurance: 5 hours

References[edit]

Notes

Bristolgames123 Nr2003 Designs Pictures

1. ^Andrews & Morgan 1988, pp. 34–42
2. ^Turner & Nowarra 1971, p. 11
3. ^ ^abcBarnes 1964, pp. 126–9

Bristolgames123 Nr2003 Designs Ideas

Bibliography

• Andrews, C.F.; Morgan, E.B. (1988). Vickers Aircraft since 1908. London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN0-370-00015-3.
• Turner, P. StJ.; Nowarra, Heinz (1971). Junkers: an aircraft album no.3. London: Arco Publishing. ISBN0-668-02506-9.
• Barnes, C. H. (1964). Bristol Aircraft since 1910. New York: Putnam Publishing. ISBN0-85177-815-1.